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''Empire Battleaxe'' was a British ship of the Second World War and as HMS ''Donovan'' in service with the Royal Navy just after the Second World War. Built as a Type C1-S-AY1 Landing Ship, Infantry named ''Cape Berkeley'' she then saw merchant service as ''Empire Battleaxe'' before being commissioned into the Royal Navy as HMS ''Empire Battleaxe'' and then ''Donovan''. After she was decommissioned she returned to merchant service as ''Empire Battleaxe'' and was returned to the USA where she was renamed ''Cape Berkeley'' once again. A proposed sale in 1948 to China and renaming to ''Hai C'' fell through and she was scrapped in 1966. ==Career== ''Cape Berkeley'' was built by Consolidated Steel Corporation, Wilmington, California as a Type C1-S-AY1 Landing Ship, Infantry.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=United States Maritime Commission C1 and C1-M Type Ships used in World War II, Korean War and Vietnam War )〕 She was launched on 12 July 1943 and completed in October 1943 as ''Empire Battleaxe''. ''Cape Berkeley'' was 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=LLOYD'S REGISTER, STEAMERS & MOTORSHIPS )〕 but ''Empire Battleaxe'' was .〔 ''Empire Battleaxe'' was transferred under the terms of lend lease shortly after being completed. She was chartered by the Ministry of War Transport and operated under the management of Cunard White Star Line.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=LLOYD'S REGISTER, STEAMERS & MOTORSHIPS )〕 She came to the United Kingdom as part of Convoy HX267, which departed New York on 19 November 1943. ''Empire Battleaxe'' was carrying a cargo of fish〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=HX 251 through HX 300 )〕 She took part in exercises in the Cromarty Firth and Moray Firth to train troops in preparation for the invasion of France. In May 1944, she took part in an exercise near Littlehampton.〔 She took part in the Normandy Landings carrying part of 537 LCA Flotilla, carrying troops to Sword Beach.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= HMS ''EMPIRE BATTLEAXE'' - 1943 to 1945 )〕 The flotilla that ''Empire Battleaxe'' was in consisted of four ships, the others being , and .〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Arthur Henry Nions, D-Day Landings In Normandy June 6th 1944 )〕 ''Empire Battleaxe'' was close to HNoMS ''Svenner'' when that ship was torpedoed and sunk by E-boats.〔 Among those she carried to Normandy was the actor David Niven. After landing her troops, ''Empire Battleaxe'' returned to the United Kingdom to collect a second wave of troops. ''Empire Battleaxe'' was then commissioned into the Royal Navy as HMS ''Empire Battleaxe''.〔 In August 1944, HMS ''Empire Battleaxe'' was sent to the Pacific as part of Force X. She sailed in a convoy of seven ships comprising , , HMS ''Empire Battleaxe'', , , and . The convoy sailed from Greenock on 3 August via New York and the Panama Canal, arriving at Suva, Fiji, where the convoy dispersed, in late September. HMS ''Emipire Battleaxe'' then sailed to Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea, arriving on 25 October. Australian troops aboard HMS ''Empire Battleaxe'' took part in the Bougainville Campaign. She departed Bougainville Island on 14 January 1945 and sailed to Hollandia, Dutch New Guinea, arriving on 2 February. HMS ''Empire Battleaxe'' then joined a convoy bound for the Philippines. She was towing a number of LCMs which reduced her speed to . She arrived at Lingayen Gulf on 18 February where her Landing Craft were involved in the retaking of the Philippines from the Japanese. HMS ''Empire Battleaxe'' departed the Lingayen Gulf with a consignment of American ex-PoWs, arriving at Sydney, Australia on 19 March. HMS ''Empire Battleaxe'' departed Sydney on 11 April 1945, bound for Falmouth where she was to be refitted.〔 In 1945 she was renamed HMS ''Donovan'', under which name she served out the remainder of the war.〔 After the war ended she was returned to the Ministry of Transport in 1946, her name reverting to ''Empire Battleaxe''. During this time, ''Empire Battleaxe'' was employed on trooping duties in the Mediterranean. In July 1946, the crew were told that on arrival at Naples, Italy from Alexandria, Egypt, the ship would sail for Liverpool, United Kingdom. However, on arrival at Naples, orders were received to make another return trip to Alexandria. About three-quarters of her crew refused to sail. The British Consul in Naples visited the ship to warn the strikers of the consequences of their actions. After he had departed, new orders were issued to sail to Liverpool. The explanation given was that the original orders had been issued because it was thought that ships being sent to relieve ''Empire Battleaxe'' would not reach Naples in time. Once it was realised that the relief would arrive in time, the order was cancelled. She was returned to the United States Maritime Commission in 1947〔 and renamed ''Cape Berkeley'' in 1948. It was then proposed to sell her to China, where she was to be named ''Hai C''. The sale was subsequently cancelled.〔 She was renamed ''Empire Battleaxe'' in 1950 and laid up in the James River, Virginia.〔 ''Empire Battleaxe'' was scrapped at Kearny, New Jersey in May 1966. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HMS Empire Battleaxe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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